产品之八： 加热炉滑轨砖 Product 8: Heating Furnace Slide Rail Bricks

目前主流滑轨砖以铬刚玉、刚玉-碳化硅材质为主，凭借优异的耐高温、耐磨及抗侵蚀性能，逐步替代传统铸铁、普通刚玉滑轨，成为现代加热炉的重要的耐火材料。

Currently, the mainstream slide rail bricks are mainly made of chromium corundum and corundum-silicon carbide. With their excellent high temperature resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, they are gradually replacing traditional cast iron and ordinary corundum slide rails and have become an important refractory material for modern heating furnaces.

加热炉滑轨砖的核心特点
加热炉滑轨砖需长期在高温、强磨损、熔渣侵蚀及温度骤变的严苛工况下工作，因此形成了区别于普通耐火砖的独特优势，核心特点如下：

1. 很强耐磨与抗侵蚀性：采用电熔刚玉、致密刚玉为骨料，搭配铬刚玉细粉、电熔氧化铬绿等粉料复合制成，表层与里层组织均匀致密，气孔率低，能有效抵御钢坯滑动带来的机械磨损，同时可抵抗氧化铁皮、氧化铁渣的黏结与侵蚀，减少清渣次数与劳动强度。相较于熔铸锆刚玉、锆莫来石砖，其抗侵蚀性能更优，且氧化铁皮不与砖体粘结，部分炉渣可随钢坯带出，大幅降低砖体损耗。

2. 高温稳定性与力学强度优异：经1600℃高温梭式窑烧结而成，在800-1450℃的常用工作温度区间内，仍能保持极高的耐压强度与抗折强度，其中铬刚玉滑轨砖耐压强度可达120MPa以上，体积密度大于3.0g/cm³，无高温软化、变形现象。同时具备出色的热震稳定性，在炉门频繁开关导致的温度骤变环境中，不易出现开裂、剥落，使用寿命可达1-2年，远超传统滑轨材料。

3. 结构设计与施工适配性强：现代预制滑轨砖采用榫卯式卡接结构，通过L形对接槽部、对接块部及凸筋-凹槽配合，实现砖体紧密连接，有效降低接缝处破损风险；部分产品预留气流通道与气孔，优化散热性能，同时底部连接槽部设胶槽结构，提升与炉体的贴合稳定性。根据体积大小可采用压力机压制、震动压力机成型或浇注成型，适配加热炉不同部位的安装需求。

4. 经济性与环保性突出：铬刚玉滑轨砖价格低于高合金耐热钢轨道及电熔锆刚玉砖，且使用寿命延长，能减少停炉检修次数，降低维修费用与燃料消耗，间接提升炉子作业率与生产效益。同时无需水冷设计，可节约水资源，减少能源浪费，符合绿色工业生产需求。

Core Characteristics of Heating Furnace Slide Rail Bricks
Heating furnace slide rail bricks operate under harsh conditions of high temperature, strong wear, molten slag erosion, and sudden temperature changes for extended periods. Therefore, they possess unique advantages over ordinary refractory bricks, with the following core characteristics:

1. Strong Wear and Erosion Resistance: Made with fused alumina and dense alumina as aggregates, combined with fine chromium alumina powder and fused chromium oxide green powder, the surface and inner layers have a uniform and dense structure with low porosity. This effectively resists the mechanical wear caused by the sliding of steel billets and also resists the adhesion and erosion of iron oxide scale and slag, reducing the frequency of slag cleaning and labor intensity. Compared to cast zirconium alumina and zirconium mullite bricks, its erosion resistance is superior, and iron oxide scale does not adhere to the brick body. Some slag can be carried away with the steel billet, significantly reducing brick loss.

2. Excellent High-Temperature Stability and Mechanical Strength: Sintered in a shuttle kiln at 1600℃, these bricks maintain extremely high compressive and flexural strength within the commonly used operating temperature range of 800-1450℃. The compressive strength of chromium corundum slide rail bricks can reach over 120MPa, with a bulk density greater than 3.0g/cm³, showing no signs of high-temperature softening or deformation. They also possess excellent thermal shock resistance, making them less prone to cracking and peeling in environments with rapid temperature changes caused by frequent furnace door opening and closing. Their service life can reach 1-2 years, far exceeding traditional slide rail materials.

3. Strong Structural Design and Construction Adaptability: Modern precast slide rail bricks utilize a mortise and tenon joint structure. Through the L-shaped mating groove, mating block, and rib-groove fit, the bricks are tightly connected, effectively reducing the risk of damage at the joints. Some products have reserved airflow channels and pores to optimize heat dissipation. Additionally, the bottom connecting groove features a glue groove structure to enhance the stability of the fit with the furnace body. Depending on the size, it can be pressed using a press, formed by vibration press, or cast, adapting to the installation requirements of different parts of the heating furnace.

4. Outstanding economic and environmental benefits: Chromium corundum slide rail bricks are cheaper than high-alloy heat-resistant steel tracks and fused zirconia corundum bricks, and have a longer service life, reducing the number of furnace shutdowns for maintenance, lowering maintenance costs and fuel consumption, and indirectly improving furnace operating rate and production efficiency. At the same time, it eliminates the need for water cooling, saving water resources and reducing energy waste, meeting the requirements of green industrial production.

加热炉滑轨砖的物理与化学性质
加热炉滑轨砖的理化性质由其材质配方与烧结工艺决定，不同材质产品的性能参数存在差异，以下为主流材质的核心指标：

Physical and Chemical Properties of Heating Furnace Slide Rail Bricks
The physical and chemical properties of heating furnace slide rail bricks are determined by their material formulation and sintering process. Performance parameters vary between products made of different materials. The following are the core indicators for mainstream materials:

（一）物理性质

物理性能直接影响滑轨砖的承载能力、耐磨性能与高温稳定性，核心参数如下：

- 体积密度：主流铬刚玉滑轨砖体积密度≥3.0g/cm³，刚玉-碳化硅滑轨砖可达3.08g/cm³，高密度确保砖体结构致密，减少气孔对性能的影响，提升耐磨与抗侵蚀能力。

- 力学强度：常温耐压强度普遍≥100MPa，铬刚玉材质可突破120MPa，抗折强度≥12MPa，高温下强度衰减率低，能承受钢坯的重力与滑动冲击力。

- 使用温度：长期使用温度可达1600℃，荷重软化开始温度≥1660℃（刚玉-碳化硅材质），能适配轧钢加热炉、废钢预热炉等高温窑炉的工况需求。

- 热学性能：导热系数约1.4W/(m·K)，热震稳定性优异，经多次急冷急热循环后无明显破损；显气孔率控制在15%左右，兼顾隔热性能与结构致密性。

(I) Physical Properties

Physical properties directly affect the load-bearing capacity, wear resistance, and high-temperature stability of sliding track bricks. Key parameters are as follows:

- Bulk Density: Mainstream chrome corundum sliding track bricks have a bulk density ≥3.0 g/cm³, while corundum-silicon carbide sliding track bricks can reach 3.08 g/cm³. High density ensures a compact brick structure, reducing the impact of porosity on performance and improving wear resistance and corrosion resistance.

- Mechanical Strength: Compressive strength at room temperature is generally ≥100 MPa, with chrome corundum materials exceeding 120 MPa. Flexural strength is ≥12 MPa. Strength decay rate is low at high temperatures, enabling it to withstand the weight of steel billets and sliding impact forces.

- Operating Temperature: Long-term operating temperature can reach 1600℃, and the softening start temperature under load is ≥1660℃ (corundum-silicon carbide materials), making it suitable for the operating conditions of high-temperature kilns such as steel rolling heating furnaces and scrap steel preheating furnaces.

- Thermal properties: Thermal conductivity is about 1.4 W/(m·K), with excellent thermal shock stability and no obvious damage after multiple rapid cooling and heating cycles; Apparent porosity is controlled at about 15%, balancing thermal insulation performance and structural density.

（二）化学性质

化学成分决定滑轨砖的抗氧化、抗熔渣侵蚀能力，不同材质的成分占比差异显著：

- 铬刚玉材质：核心成分为Al₂O₃与Cr₂O₃，其中Al₂O₃+Cr₂O₃≥93%，部分配方添加氧化锆等改性成分，Al₂O₃含量可≥80%，高含量氧化铝与氧化铬形成稳定晶相，提升抗氧化与抗渣性。

- 刚玉-碳化硅材质：Al₂O₃含量约79.42%，SiC含量≥12%（工业生产中通常添加15%），辅以少量SiO₂（1.05%）、Fe₂O₃（0.62%），SiC成分可显著提升抗热震性与导热性，Cr₂O₃添加剂能优化烧结程度。

- 化学稳定性：在高温下不与氧化铁皮、氧化铁渣发生剧烈反应，能抵抗酸性、碱性熔渣的侵蚀，同时具备良好的抗氧化性，长期使用无明显粉化、变质现象。

(II) Chemical Properties

The chemical composition determines the oxidation resistance and slag erosion resistance of sliding track bricks. The component proportions vary significantly among different materials:

- Chromium Corundum Material: The core components are Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃, with Al₂O₃ + Cr₂O₃ ≥ 93%. Some formulations add modifying components such as zirconium oxide, increasing the Al₂O₃ content to ≥ 80%. The high alumina content forms a stable crystalline phase with chromium oxide, enhancing oxidation and slag resistance.

- Corundum-Silicon Carbide Material: Al₂O₃ content is approximately 79.42%, SiC content is ≥ 12% (15% is typically added in industrial production), supplemented with small amounts of SiO₂ (1.05%) and Fe₂O₃ (0.62%). The SiC component significantly improves thermal shock resistance and thermal conductivity, while the Cr₂O₃ additive optimizes the sintering degree.

- Chemical stability: It does not react violently with iron oxide scale or iron oxide slag at high temperatures, can resist the corrosion of acidic and alkaline slag, and has good oxidation resistance. There is no obvious pulverization or deterioration after long-term use.

加热炉滑轨砖的应用场景与行业价值
基于优异的理化性能与结构特点，加热炉滑轨砖广泛应用于冶金、轧钢等高温工业领域，核心应用场景与价值如下：

（一）核心应用场景

1. 轧钢加热炉关键部位：这是滑轨砖的主要应用场景，包括炉底滑轨、出钢平台、出钢槽及推钢部位。在棒材加热炉、钢锭加热炉、带钢加热炉中，滑轨砖承载钢坯并配合输送机构实现平稳移动，同时抵御高温与钢坯磨损，确保加热过程连续高效。尤其适用于无水冷却加热炉，避免水冷结构带来的能源浪费与设备腐蚀问题。

2. 废钢预热炉与冶金窑炉：废钢预热炉内温度波动大、熔渣含量高，滑轨砖凭借出色的热震稳定性与抗侵蚀性，可用于炉内物料输送轨道；在其他冶金窑炉中，可作为高温区域的承载与防护构件，延长窑炉使用寿命。

3. 特殊工况加热设备：针对温度梯度大、磨损剧烈的特殊加热设备，如步进式加热炉出钢槽、垃圾焚烧炉高温输送段等，定制化滑轨砖可通过优化材质配方与结构设计，适配复杂工况需求，提升设备运行稳定性。

Application Scenarios and Industry Value of Heating Furnace Slide Rail Bricks

Based on their excellent physical and chemical properties and structural characteristics, heating furnace slide rail bricks are widely used in high-temperature industrial fields such as metallurgy and steel rolling. The core application scenarios and value are as follows:

(I) Core Application Scenarios

1. Key Parts of Steel Rolling Heating Furnaces: This is the main application scenario for slide rail bricks, including the furnace bottom slide rail, steel tapping platform, steel tapping trough, and steel pushing parts. In bar heating furnaces, ingot heating furnaces, and strip heating furnaces, slide rail bricks support steel billets and work with the conveying mechanism to achieve smooth movement, while resisting high temperatures and steel billet wear, ensuring continuous and efficient heating. They are especially suitable for waterless cooling heating furnaces, avoiding energy waste and equipment corrosion problems caused by water-cooled structures.

2. Scrap Steel Preheating Furnaces and Metallurgical Kilns: Scrap steel preheating furnaces have large temperature fluctuations and high slag content. Due to their excellent thermal shock stability and corrosion resistance, slide rail bricks can be used as material conveying tracks within the furnace. In other metallurgical kilns, they can serve as load-bearing and protective components in high-temperature areas, extending the service life of the kiln.

3. Special working condition heating equipment: For special heating equipment with large temperature gradients and severe wear, such as the steel tapping trough of walking beam furnaces and high-temperature conveying sections of waste incinerators, customized sliding rail bricks can be adapted to complex working conditions and improve the stability of equipment operation by optimizing material formulas and structural designs.

加热炉滑轨砖作为高温工业的核心耐火构件，其性能升级与技术创新直接推动冶金、轧钢行业的高效化、绿色化发展。铬刚玉与刚玉-碳化硅材质凭借优异的耐磨、耐高温、抗侵蚀性能，成为当前主流选择，而榫卯式结构、分段烧结工艺等技术的应用，进一步提升了其适配性与使用寿命。未来，随着工业炉窑对能效与环保要求的提升，滑轨砖将向更高强度、更长寿命、更低能耗的方向迭代，为高温工业生产提供更可靠的支撑。在实际选型中，需结合加热炉类型、工作温度、物料特性等因素，选择适配材质与规格的滑轨砖，以实现设备性能与经济效益的优化。

As a core refractory component in high-temperature industries, the performance upgrades and technological innovations of furnace slide rail bricks directly drive the efficient and green development of the metallurgical and steel rolling industries. Chromium corundum and corundum-silicon carbide materials, with their excellent wear resistance, high-temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance, have become the mainstream choices. The application of technologies such as mortise and tenon structures and segmented sintering processes further enhances their adaptability and service life. In the future, with the increasing demands for energy efficiency and environmental protection in industrial furnaces, slide rail bricks will iterate towards higher strength, longer lifespan, and lower energy consumption, providing more reliable support for high-temperature industrial production. In practical selection, it is necessary to consider factors such as the type of furnace, operating temperature, and material characteristics to choose slide rail bricks with suitable materials and specifications to optimize equipment performance and economic benefits.