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冶金工业中烧嘴砖的必要性The necessity of burner bricks in the metallurgical industry
2026-01-23
In high-temperature industrial settings such as steel smelting, glass manufacturing, and cement production, burner bricks, as a key component of combustion devices, silently endure temperatures exceeding thousands of degrees Celsius and the scouring of airflow. They are the "core foundation" for ensuring stable kiln operation and improving combustion efficiency. They are not only the carrier for the mixing and combustion of fuel and combustion air, but also directly determine the flame shape, thermal efficiency, and equipment lifespan, occupying an irreplaceable position in the industrial production chain.
I. Core Definition and Material Classification of Burner Bricks
Burner bricks (also known as burner bricks) are supporting components of combustion devices made of refractory materials. They are typically installed in the combustion channel of industrial kilns, working in conjunction with the burner. Their core functions are to heat the fuel to ignition temperature to assist ignition, maintain stable high-temperature combustion, optimize flame shape, and simultaneously promote thorough mixing of fuel and air, preventing combustion pulsation or interruption.
Based on material properties and operating conditions, burner bricks are mainly divided into five categories (including chrome corundum burner bricks, silicon carbide burner bricks, corundum-mullite burner bricks, high-alumina mullite burner bricks, and cordierite-bonded mullite burner bricks), each suitable for different application scenarios. Below is a brief introduction to the technical parameters and applications of mullite-corundum burner bricks:
Corundum-mullite burner bricks have an alumina content of over 60%, a bulk density greater than or equal to 2.3 g/cm³, a flexural strength greater than or equal to 8 MPa, a room temperature compressive strength greater than or equal to 40 MPa, a high temperature compressive strength (1450 * 3 h) greater than or equal to 50 MPa, and a maximum operating temperature exceeding 1600 degrees Celsius. They exhibit outstanding thermal shock stability, retaining over 82% of their residual strength after 170 thermal shocks (1300℃ → water cooling). They are the mainstream choice for regenerative heating furnaces and oil/gas-fired industrial kilns.
二 烧嘴砖的核心特性的优势
优质烧嘴砖需经精选原料配比、振动预制成型或高温烧结工艺加工，形成适配高温工况的核心特性，具体可概括为以下五点：
1. 极致耐高温与热稳定性
核心材质经特殊工艺处理，最高使用温度可达1600-1800℃，能承受高温火焰的持续炙烤与温度骤变冲击。其中高温烧结型烧嘴砖经1400℃以上烧制，热震稳定性优异，100次1000℃→室温循环后强度保持率仍超90%，有效避免高温下开裂、剥落。
2. 高强度抗侵蚀与抗冲刷
体积密度普遍≥2.3g/cm³，常温耐压强度35-60MPa，气孔率控制在15%-20%，能抵御高温烟气、熔融渣料的侵蚀及高速气流的冲刷。碳化硅质烧嘴砖在玻璃熔窑碱蒸气环境中年侵蚀量小于2.1mm，使用寿命是传统材料的3.2倍。
3. 高效导热与节能特性
优化材质配方使热导率提升至2.3W/(m·K)，较传统产品提高4.7个百分点，可快速传递热量并维持砖内高温环境，促进燃料充分燃烧。蓄热式烧嘴砖还能回收烟气热量预热空气，进一步降低能源消耗。
4. 结构适配性与定制化能力
可根据窑炉结构与燃烧工艺，制成平焰、高速、蓄热式等多种类型，也可通过3D打印、分体式设计实现异形结构定制。预制型烧嘴砖从设计到交付仅需15天，能精准匹配特殊工况对火焰形态、安装角度的需求。
5. 长寿命与低维护成本
优质烧嘴砖使用寿命可达12-36个月，部分高端产品通过纳米晶须增韧技术，断裂能提升至15.3kJ/m²，使用寿命较传统产品延长40%，大幅减少停炉更换频次与维护成本
II. Advantages of the Core Characteristics of Burner Bricks
High-quality burner bricks require carefully selected raw material proportions and are processed through vibration preforming or high-temperature sintering to achieve core characteristics suitable for high-temperature operating conditions. These characteristics can be summarized in the following five points:
1. Extreme High-Temperature Resistance and Thermal Stability
The core material undergoes special processing, allowing for a maximum operating temperature of 1600-1800℃. It can withstand continuous exposure to high-temperature flames and sudden temperature changes. High-temperature sintered burner bricks, fired at temperatures above 1400℃, exhibit excellent thermal shock stability. After 100 cycles of 1000℃ to room temperature, the strength retention rate still exceeds 90%, effectively preventing cracking and peeling at high temperatures.
2. High Strength, Erosion Resistance, and Erosion Resistance
The bulk density is generally ≥2.3g/cm³, the compressive strength at room temperature is 35-60MPa, and the porosity is controlled at 15%-20%, enabling it to resist the erosion of high-temperature flue gas and molten slag, as well as the erosion from high-speed airflow. Silicon carbide burner bricks exhibit an annual erosion rate of less than 2.1 mm in the alkaline vapor environment of glass melting furnaces, and their service life is 3.2 times that of traditional materials.
3. High-efficiency thermal conductivity and energy-saving characteristics
Optimized material formulation increases thermal conductivity to 2.3 W/(m·K), a 4.7 percentage point improvement over traditional products. This allows for rapid heat transfer and maintenance of a high-temperature environment within the brick, promoting complete fuel combustion. Regenerative burner bricks can also recover heat from flue gas to preheat air, further reducing energy consumption.
4. Structural adaptability and customization capabilities
Various types, including flat flame, high-speed, and regenerative burners, can be manufactured according to the kiln structure and combustion process. Customized irregular structures can also be achieved through 3D printing and modular design. Prefabricated burner bricks can be delivered from design to completion in just 15 days, precisely matching the requirements of special operating conditions regarding flame shape and installation angle.
5. Long lifespan and low maintenance costs
High-quality burner bricks can have a lifespan of 12-36 months. Some high-end products, through nano-whisker toughening technology, increase the fracture energy to 15.3kJ/m², extending the lifespan by 40% compared to traditional products, significantly reducing the frequency of furnace shutdowns for replacement and maintenance costs.
三、烧嘴砖的多元应用场景
作为高温工业的基础部件，烧嘴砖的应用覆盖冶金、建材、化工、环保等核心领域，2023年国内市场规模已达48.6亿元，预计2025年需求量将突破65万吨，应用场景呈现多元化特征 下面简要简要介绍下其在 冶金行业的应用：
在钢铁高炉、转炉、热风炉中，烧嘴砖用于燃烧通道与喷嘴部位，承受1350-1650℃高温循环冲击。单座2500m³高炉需配套烧嘴砖270-320吨，耐火材料成本占整体维护费用的29%。在有色金属冶炼领域，高铝质烧嘴砖适配铝、铜冶炼炉的中高温工况，满足新能源电池材料烧结设备的特殊需求。
四、烧嘴砖选型与安装关键要点
烧嘴砖的选型与安装直接影响窑炉运行效率，需重点关注三点：一是根据工况温度、介质腐蚀性选择材质，1600℃以上极端高温优先选用刚玉质、碳化硅质，中温工况可选用高铝质以控制成本；二是安装时确保烧嘴砖中心线与喷焰器一致，避免偏差导致火焰偏移，组合式砖体需保证内孔平齐，不得在炉膛内突出以防烧毁；三是预留2-5mm膨胀缝，采用石棉片密封间隙，防止火焰泄漏烧坏炉壳。
未来，在双碳政策驱动下，烧嘴砖将向低导热、轻量化、长寿命方向迭代，新型复合材质与3D打印工艺的融合的将持续提升产品性能，进口替代与国产化升级成为行业核心趋势，为高温工业绿色高效发展提供核心支撑。
III. Diverse Application Scenarios of Burner Bricks
As a fundamental component in high-temperature industries, burner bricks are used in core fields such as metallurgy, building materials, chemicals, and environmental protection. The domestic market size reached 4.86 billion yuan in 2023, and demand is projected to exceed 650,000 tons by 2025, with diverse application scenarios. Below is a brief introduction to its applications in the metallurgical industry:
In blast furnaces, converters, and hot blast stoves in steel production, burner bricks are used in the combustion channels and nozzles, withstanding high-temperature cyclic impacts of 1350-1650℃. A single 2500m³ blast furnace requires 270-320 tons of burner bricks, and refractory material costs account for 29% of the overall maintenance costs. In the non-ferrous metal smelting field, high-alumina burner bricks are suitable for the medium- and high-temperature conditions of aluminum and copper smelting furnaces, meeting the special requirements of sintering equipment for new energy battery materials.
IV. Key Points for Burner Brick Selection and Installation The selection and installation of burner bricks directly affect the kiln's operating efficiency. Three key points must be considered: First, select the material based on the operating temperature and the corrosiveness of the medium. For extreme high temperatures above 1600℃, corundum or silicon carbide bricks are preferred; for medium-temperature conditions, high-alumina bricks can be used to control costs. Second, ensure the burner brick's centerline is aligned with the flame injector during installation to avoid flame deviation. For composite bricks, ensure the inner holes are flush and do not protrude into the furnace to prevent burnout. Third, leave a 2-5mm expansion joint, sealing the gap with asbestos sheets to prevent flame leakage and damage to the furnace shell.
In the future, driven by the dual-carbon policy, burner bricks will iterate towards low thermal conductivity, lightweight, and long lifespan. The integration of new composite materials and 3D printing technology will continuously improve product performance. Import substitution and domestic upgrading will become core industry trends, providing core support for the green and efficient development of high-temperature industries.
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