耐火材料跨境采购三： 物流和交付问题Cross-border procurement of refractory materials, part three: logistics and delivery issues

海运包装： 一般耐火砖的包装是 木托盘（免熏蒸和熏蒸的都可以）

Shipping packaging: Refractory bricks are generally packaged on wooden pallets (both fumigation-free and fumigated pallets are acceptable).

1.1耐火砖用木托盘要求:大撑65mm(宽)X85(高)mm三根，面板20mm(厚)X60(宽)mm，面板宽60mm，面板间距30mm，拉底撑三根与面板质量要求一样，面板及底撑必须为一根，不能对接，材质用落叶松、白松、榆木等硬杂木，不准用桐木、杨木，不能有腐朽、虫眼，不能见树皮,并经过严格的熏蒸程序，托盘中要有熏蒸标志。
1.2耐火砖下面用木托盘，摆放一层耐火砖放一张垫纸，每层间均用垫纸隔开，装完箱后，箱子五个面用三层纸箱板保护，纸箱板上面放一份该箱装箱单，然后用全密封塑料罩罩住，外面再用一层按尺寸裁好的五合板包装，五合板外面用中、英文唛头格式加喷产品标识及国际通用运输标记，唛头标识在叉车叉运的两个面上,封好五个面，以角钢为框架，七道0.7m厚钢带打紧,每道钢带用二个扣扣紧,打好后用清漆喷涂木箱各个侧面,然后在中文唛头面的左上角固定一份装箱单。
1.3耐火泥采用内衬覆膜的小袋包装后,再装入我司规定装箱单的中、英文唛头格式印好的吨包袋内，装入装箱单，然后封包。
1.4为了充分利用集装箱空间，尺寸要求为:不超过1.1m*1.1m*1.2m

1.5包装形式应根据货物的具体要求，以及海上远洋运输的高温、多雨、空气湿度大、盐份含量高、腐蚀性强的特点环境条件，并根据需要严格采取防雨、防潮、防霉、防锈、防震等保护措施。包装应符合牢固、可靠、经济美观的要求。

1.6 整托盘使用塑料膜缠绕加固，防止运输过程中散落

1.1 Requirements for wooden pallets for refractory bricks: Three main supports, each 65mm (width) x 85mm (height); panel thickness 20mm x 60mm (width), panel width 60mm, panel spacing 30mm; three bottom supports with the same quality requirements as the panels. The panels and bottom supports must be a single piece, not butt-jointed. The material must be hardwood such as larch, white pine, or elm; paulownia or poplar are prohibited. The pallets must be free of rot, wormholes, and exposed bark, and must undergo a strict fumigation process. A fumigation mark must be displayed on the pallet.

1.2 Refractory bricks are placed on wooden pallets, with a layer of refractory bricks and a piece of parchment paper placed between each layer. Each layer is separated by parchment paper. After packing, the five sides of the box are protected with three layers of cardboard. A packing list is placed on top of the cardboard, then the box is covered with a fully sealed plastic cover. Finally, a layer of plywood cut to size is used for outer packaging. The plywood is coated with product identification and internationally recognized shipping marks in both Chinese and English. The markings are on the two sides that can be handled by forklifts. All five sides are sealed, and the box is secured with a frame of angle steel and seven 0.7m thick steel straps, each secured with two buckles. After securing, all sides of the wooden box are sprayed with clear varnish. A packing list is then attached to the upper left corner of the Chinese marking side.

1.3 Refractory mortar is packaged in small, film-lined bags, then placed inside ton bags with the Chinese and English markings printed on the packing list as specified by our company. The packing list is then included, and the bags are sealed.

1.4 To fully utilize container space, the dimensions should not exceed 1.1m * 1.1m * 1.2m.

1.5 Packaging should be tailored to the specific requirements of the goods and the challenging environmental conditions of ocean shipping, including high temperatures, heavy rainfall, high humidity, high salt content, and strong corrosiveness. Strict protective measures against rain, moisture, mildew, rust, and shock should be implemented as needed. Packaging should be sturdy, reliable, economical, and aesthetically pleasing.

1.6 The entire pallet should be reinforced with plastic film to prevent scattering during transport.

2 综合考虑运输条件

海运周期通常需要15-60天，部分产品（如含水泥结合剂的浇注料）在长时间运输过程中可能受潮硬化，影响施工性能。因此双方需要共同约定合理安排发货时间，避免产品在高温季节长时间暴露。

2. Comprehensive Consideration of Transportation Conditions

Sea freight typically takes 15-60 days. Some products (such as castables containing cement binders) may harden due to moisture during long-term transportation, affecting their workability. Therefore, both parties need to agree on a reasonable delivery schedule to avoid prolonged exposure of products to high temperatures.

3. 清关流程复杂导致交付延迟

部分国家对耐火材料进口实施严格的检验检疫制度，清关时间可能长达2-4周。关税税率波动大，增加了采购成本的不确定性。

因此 需方提前了解目的国的进口关税和检验检疫要求， 也可以请委托专业报关公司处理清关手续。

3. Complex Customs Clearance Processes Lead to Delivery Delays

Some countries impose strict inspection and quarantine regulations on imported refractory materials, with clearance times potentially reaching 2-4 weeks. Fluctuating tariff rates further increase the uncertainty of procurement costs.

Therefore, buyers should familiarize themselves with the import tariffs and inspection and quarantine requirements of the destination country in advance, or engage a professional customs brokerage firm to handle the clearance procedures.