结合剂对炮泥的影响 The effect of binder on Blast Furnace Taphole Clay

 在炼铁生产中，泥炮是用于高炉出铁口开闭的关键机械设备。结合剂则是泥炮炮泥性能的核心影响因素，直接决定炮泥的粘结强度、可塑性、烧结性及耐高温稳定性。

 通常，结合剂分为常温有机结合剂和高温结合剂两种：

 前者包括焦油、树脂、沥青等；后者包括氮化硅、氮化硅结合碳化硅、氮化硅铁等

In ironmaking, Taphole Clay are crucial mechanical devices used for opening and closing the blast furnace taphole. The binder is the core factor influencing the performance of the mud gun clay, directly determining its bonding strength, plasticity, sintering properties, and high-temperature stability.

Generally, binders are divided into two types: room-temperature organic binders and high-temperature binders.

The former includes tar, resin, and pitch; the latter includes silicon nitride, silicon nitride-bonded silicon carbide, and silicon nitride ferronitride.

 常温有机结合剂宝刀不劳

Room temperature organic binder, a powerful tool.

 焦油。tar.

焦油中含有多种黏合性能好的活性有机物，使得炮泥在热处理后存在相互连接的碳网络结构，煤焦油具有较好的润滑性能，其能够提供炮泥良好的可塑性，保证了炮泥在铁口通道内的连贯性与密实性。但传统焦油环保性能较差。

 结合剂水分高，造成炮泥成型发散，使用时打泥困难，大面积退货

 结合剂黏度低，生产时加油量低，打泥困难，出铁时间短。

 结合剂黏度高，生产时加油量高，打泥压力低，出铁时间短，断漏

 结合剂结焦值低，β树脂含量低，出铁时间短，消耗增加

Coal tar contains various active organic compounds with good binding properties, resulting in an interconnected carbon network structure in the taphole clay after heat treatment. Coal tar also possesses good lubrication properties, providing excellent plasticity and ensuring the clay's continuity and compactness within the taphole channel. However, traditional coal tar has poor environmental performance.

High moisture content in the binder causes the clay to disperse during molding, making it difficult to compact during use and leading to large-scale returns.

Low binder viscosity results in low oil application during production, making compaction difficult and shortening tapping time.

High binder viscosity requires high oil application during production, resulting in low compaction pressure, short tapping time, and potential leaks.

Low binder coking value and low β-resin content lead to short tapping time and increased consumption.

 焦油的基本性能要求：

 三高：结焦值高，固定碳高，β-树脂含量高

 三低：水分低、灰分低、苯并芘低

 三稳定：黏度稳定、比重稳定、配比稳定。

Basic performance requirements for tar:

Three Highs: High coking value, high fixed carbon, high β-resin content

Three Lows: Low moisture content, low ash content, low benzo[a]pyrene content

Three Stabilities: Stable viscosity, stable specific gravity, stable formulation

 树脂。

采用酚醛树脂作为结合剂，生产过程中无刺激性气味，使用过程中烟雾较少，强度高，铁流稳定，环保性能好。塑性差，硬化快，有在炮内固化危险，储存期短。成本高。

 为保证炮泥有良好使用性能，低温结合剂采用树脂焦油复合剂。根据高炉的容积的大小，调整二者的比例。

Resin.

Phenolic resin is used as a binder. The production process is odorless, produces less smoke during use, has high strength, stable ferroalloy flow, and good environmental performance. However, it has poor plasticity, hardens quickly, poses a risk of solidifying inside the blast furnace, and has a short shelf life. It is also costly.

To ensure good performance of the blast furnace clay, a resin-tar composite binder is used at low temperatures. The ratio of the two is adjusted according to the size of the blast furnace.

 沥青。

沥青作为含碳黏结剂配入泥料中，主要是帮助结合剂发挥强化效应，可以进一步起到改进泥料某些性能的作用。如在高温条件下沥青成分碳化析出石墨碳，成网状结构，使泥料具有较好的高温结构强度，炮泥选用的沥青一般为高温沥青或改质沥青，其软化点要求大于100℃。

Asphalt.

Asphalt, as a carbonaceous binder, is added to clay primarily to help the binder exert a strengthening effect, further improving certain properties of the clay. For example, under high-temperature conditions, the asphalt components carbonize and precipitate graphite carbon, forming a network structure, giving the clay better high-temperature structural strength. The asphalt used in drilling mud is generally high-temperature asphalt or modified asphalt, with a softening point greater than 100℃.

 高温结合剂后来居上

 近几年，随着对炮泥的研究深入，越来越多的非氧化物高温结合剂添加到炮泥中，对改善炮泥的性能起到了很好的作用。

 高温结合剂包括氮化硅、氮化硅结合碳化硅、氮化硅铁等。

High-temperature binders have gained prominence in recent years.

With in-depth research on stemming clay, an increasing number of non-oxide high-temperature binders have been added to stemming clay, playing a significant role in improving its performance.

High-temperature binders include silicon nitride, silicon nitride-bonded silicon carbide, and silicon nitride-iron, among others.

 氮化硅。

氮化硅具有熔点高、硬度高、热震稳定性好的特点，也是Al2O3-C质材料中常用的防氧化剂之一，它与Al2O3-C反应生成Si-Al-O-N陶瓷相，可以有效抑制炮泥和熔渣反应生成低熔点物相，提高炮泥的抗侵蚀能力。

 氮化硅结合碳化硅。Si3N4结合SiC复合材料具有较Si3N4与SiC更好的性能。在高温下，SiC或Si3N4可将C0还原成C，并产生Si02，出现体积膨胀，使炮泥的高温强度，抗氧化性和渣铁性能明显提高。

Silicon nitride.

Silicon nitride possesses high melting point, high hardness, and good thermal shock resistance. It is also a commonly used antioxidant in Al2O3-C materials. It reacts with Al2O3-C to form a Si-Al-O-N ceramic phase, which effectively inhibits the reaction of gunning mud and slag to form low-melting-point phases, thus improving the erosion resistance of the gunning mud.

Silicon nitride combined with silicon carbide. Si3N4 combined with SiC composites exhibits better performance than Si3N4 and SiC alone. At high temperatures, SiC or Si3N4 can reduce CO to C, producing SiO2, resulting in volume expansion. This significantly improves the high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance, and slag-iron properties of the gunning mud.

 氮化硅铁。

FeSi3N4由于铁的引入将有促进炮泥烧结的作用，使用时，Si3N4与铁反应生成SiC强化了基质，提高了炮泥的中温强度和高温强度，增加了炮泥的耐侵蚀性和抗冲刷性。反应中N2的形成部分储存于气孔中，起到抑制铁水和熔渣向炮泥渗入及侵蚀的同时，由于在高温下N2的形成，提高了炮泥的显气孔率，这样有利于提高炮泥的可钻性，缩短开铁口时间，减少钻杆消耗及劳动强度，其加入量一般为8%～10%。理论上不超过15%。

 炮泥依其使用的特殊性，合理使用相关的结合剂，满足不同高炉的使用需求。

Ferrosilicon nitride.

FeSi3N4, due to the introduction of iron, promotes the sintering of taphole clay. During use, Si3N4 reacts with iron to form SiC, strengthening the matrix and improving the medium- and high-temperature strength of the taphole clay, thus increasing its erosion resistance and scour resistance. The N2 formed during the reaction is partially stored in the pores, inhibiting the penetration and erosion of molten iron and slag into the taphole clay. Simultaneously, the formation of N2 at high temperatures increases the apparent porosity of the taphole clay, which improves its drillability, shortens taphole opening time, reduces drill rod consumption, and decreases labor intensity. Its addition amount is generally 8%–10%, theoretically not exceeding 15%.

Based on the specific uses of taphole clay, appropriate binders are rationally applied to meet the requirements of different blast furnaces.