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透气砖的类型， 结构
2025-09-25
按气体通道形式分透气砖主要有三种类型，即弥散型、直通定向型、狭缝定向型。弥散型结构气孔细小贯通,气孔率高,密度及强度底,耐用性差;直通定向型由数量不等的细钢管埋入砖中而制成，也有采用特殊成孔技术而不带细钢管的定向型透气砖,孔径一般在0.6 mm~1.0 mm之间,直通定气砖中气体的流动和分布合理，底吹效果较使用寿命高,但在后期易堵塞,影响吹成率;狭缝定向型透气砖在成型过程中，与镶嵌材料整体成型，在高温烧成过程中镶嵌材料受热熔化挥发而形成狭缝,气体通过狭缝进入钢包熔池。合适的狭缝宽度既可保证低吹氩强度，控制调节流量，又不致出现渗透堵塞危险。马钢一钢轧厂IF-VD精炼钢包透气砖狭缝宽度选在0.18mm左右,透气砖能较好的满足精炼的生产要求。目前狭缝定向型透气砖在钢包上使用较广泛。
There are three main types of porous plugs based on the form of gas channels: diffused, straight-through hole type , and slit type . The diffused type has fine, continuous pores, resulting in high porosity, low density and strength, and poor durability. The straight-through type is made by embedding varying numbers of thin steel tubes within the brick. There are also directional breathable bricks that utilize special pore-forming technology without thin steel tubes. The pore diameters generally range from 0.6 mm to 1.0 mm. Straight-through breathable bricks offer optimal gas flow and distribution, resulting in a long bottom-blowing lifespan, but are prone to clogging in later stages, impacting the success rate. Slit type breathable bricks are integrally formed with the inlay material during the molding process. During high-temperature firing, the inlay material melts and evaporates, forming a slit through which gas enters the ladle molten pool. An appropriate slit width ensures low argon blowing intensity, controls and regulates the flow rate, and avoids the risk of infiltration and clogging. The slit width of the IF-VD refining ladle air bricks in Maanshan Iron and Steel's First Steel Rolling Mill is about 0.18mm, which can better meet the production requirements of refining. Currently, slit directional air bricks are widely used in ladles.
按安装方式分有整体式透气砖和外装式透气砖。整体式透气砖安全系数高,寿命较长，安装方便;但更换困难。整体式透气砖适用于吹氯时间低、透气砖寿命能与钢包寿命同步的工艺条件。外装式透气砖更换方便但由于附有安装设备，结构相对较复杂,对砖芯的现场安装质量要求较高，容易造成人为操作事故。外装式透气砖由于能快速更换砖芯,对钢包的周转及包龄提高有益，适用于吹氩时间长、透气砖更换频繁的工艺状况,特别是精炼钢包。
Based on the installation method, there are integral breathable bricks and external breathable bricks. Integral breathable bricks offer a high safety factor, a long lifespan, and are easy to install; however, replacement is difficult. Integral breathable bricks are suitable for processes requiring low chlorine blowing times and a brick lifespan that can be synchronized with the life of the ladle. External breathable bricks are easy to replace, but due to the required installation equipment, their structure is relatively complex, requiring high-quality on-site installation of the brick core and prone to human error. External breathable bricks, because they allow for rapid core replacement, are beneficial for ladle turnover and longevity. They are suitable for processes requiring long argon blowing times and frequent brick replacement, particularly in refining ladles.
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